What are the inner circle of neighbouring states composed of?
Harishena describes four different kinds of rulers, and tells us about Samudragupta’s policies towards them. The rulers of Aryavarta were nine rulers who were uprooted, and their kingdoms were made a part of Samudragupta’s empire.
The rulers of Dakshinapatha were twelve rulers. They surrendered to Samudragupta after being defeated and he then allowed them to rule again.
The inner circle of neighbouring states, including Assam, coastal Bengal, Nepal, and a number of gana sanghas in the northwest. They brought tribute, followed his orders, and attended his court.
The rulers of the outlying areas perhaps the descendants of the Kushanas and Shakas, and the ruler of Sri Lanka, who submitted to him and offered daughters in marriage.
This Video describes Harishena's four different kinds of rulers
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