1.In the nineteenth century, hundreds of thousands of Indian and Chinese labourers went to work on plantations, in mines, and in road and railway construction projects around the world. This was known as indentured labour i.e. a bonded labourer under a contract to work for an employer for a specific amount of time, to pay off his passage to a new country or home.
2. In the mid-nineteenth, India, cottage industries declined, land rents rose, lands were cleared for mines and plantations. All this affected the lives of the poor: they failed to pay their rents, became deeply indebted and were forced to migrate in search of work. 3. Most Indian indentured workers came from the present-day regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, central India and the dry districts of Tamil Nadu. 4.The main destinations of Indian indentured migrants were the Caribbean islands (mainly Trinidad, Guyana and Suriname), Mauritius and Fiji. Closer home, Tamil migrants went to Ceylon and Malaya. 5. Nineteenth-century indenture has been described as a ‘new system of slavery’. On arrival at the plantations, labourers found conditions to be different from what they had imagined. Living and working conditions were harsh, and there were few legal rights.

Indenture labour _{The image is taken from Wikipedia}

Indenture labour

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