The Mughal Empire
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What were the main features of sulh-i-kul?
The broad features of administration were laid down by Akbar and were elaborately discussed by Abul Fazl in his book, the Akbar Nama, in particular in its last volume, the Ain-i Akbari.
Abul Fazl explained that the empire was divided into provinces called subas, governed by a subadar who carried out both political and military functions.Each province also had a financial officer or diwan. For the maintenance of peace and order in his province: 1. The subadar was supported by other officers such as the military paymaster (mir bakhshi) 2. The minister in charge of religious and charitable patronage (sadr), military commanders (faujdars) 3. The town police commander (kotwal) Akbar wanted to govern his empire peacefully. Hence, he gave utmost importance to the idea of intolerance because it did not discriminate between people of different religions in his realm. He had discussions on religion with the ulama, Brahmanas, Jesuit priests who were Roman Catholics, and Zoroastrians and came to the conclusion that the idea of sulh-i kul or “universal peace" would work effectively. it focused on a system of ethics, honesty, justice, peace that is universally applicable. While Fazl helped Akbar conceptualise suhl-i-kul, the principle of governance was followed by Jahangir and Shah Jahan as well. Thus, Akbar's administrative policies were based on considerate ideas.
Abul Fazl explained that the empire was divided into provinces called subas, governed by a subadar who carried out both political and military functions.Each province also had a financial officer or diwan. For the maintenance of peace and order in his province: 1. The subadar was supported by other officers such as the military paymaster (mir bakhshi) 2. The minister in charge of religious and charitable patronage (sadr), military commanders (faujdars) 3. The town police commander (kotwal) Akbar wanted to govern his empire peacefully. Hence, he gave utmost importance to the idea of intolerance because it did not discriminate between people of different religions in his realm. He had discussions on religion with the ulama, Brahmanas, Jesuit priests who were Roman Catholics, and Zoroastrians and came to the conclusion that the idea of sulh-i kul or “universal peace" would work effectively. it focused on a system of ethics, honesty, justice, peace that is universally applicable. While Fazl helped Akbar conceptualise suhl-i-kul, the principle of governance was followed by Jahangir and Shah Jahan as well. Thus, Akbar's administrative policies were based on considerate ideas.
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