Tribes, Nomads and Settled Comunities
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Hi
Who did Akbar make as a noble in Punjab?
Contemporary historians and travellers give very scanty information about tribes. Tribal people also did not keep written records. But they preserved rich customs and oral traditions. These were passed down to each new generation. Now, historians have started using such oral traditions to write tribal histories.
Tribal people were found in almost every region of the subcontinent such as: 1. In Punjab, the Khokhar tribe was very influential during the 13th and 14th centuries. Later, the Gakkhars became more important. Their chief, Kamal Khan Gakkhar, was made a noble (mansabdar) by Emperor Akbar. 2. In Multan and Sind, the Langahs and Arghuns dominated extensive regions before they were subdued by the Mughals. 3. The Balochis were another large and powerful tribe in the north-west. They were divided into many smaller clans under different chiefs. 4. In the western Himalaya lived the shepherd tribe of Gaddis. 5. The distant north-eastern part of the subcontinent too was entirely dominated by tribes – the Nagas, Ahoms and many others. 6. Many areas of present-day Bihar and Jharkhand, there emerged Chero chiefdoms in the 12th century. Raja Man Singh, Akbar’s famous general, attacked and defeated the Cheros in 1591. Under Aurangzeb, Mughal forces captured many Chero fortresses and subjugated the tribe. 7. The Mundas and Santhals were among the other important tribes that lived in this region and also in Orissa and Bengal. 8. The Maharashtra highlands and Karnataka were home to Kolis, Berads and numerous others. Kolis also lived in many areas of Gujarat. 9. There were large tribal populations of Koragas, Vetars, Maravars and many others in the South. 10. The large tribe of Bhils was spread across western and central India. 11. By the late sixteenth century, some became settled agriculturists and some even zamindars while some remained huntergatherers. 12. The Gonds were found in great numbers across Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
Tribal people were found in almost every region of the subcontinent such as: 1. In Punjab, the Khokhar tribe was very influential during the 13th and 14th centuries. Later, the Gakkhars became more important. Their chief, Kamal Khan Gakkhar, was made a noble (mansabdar) by Emperor Akbar. 2. In Multan and Sind, the Langahs and Arghuns dominated extensive regions before they were subdued by the Mughals. 3. The Balochis were another large and powerful tribe in the north-west. They were divided into many smaller clans under different chiefs. 4. In the western Himalaya lived the shepherd tribe of Gaddis. 5. The distant north-eastern part of the subcontinent too was entirely dominated by tribes – the Nagas, Ahoms and many others. 6. Many areas of present-day Bihar and Jharkhand, there emerged Chero chiefdoms in the 12th century. Raja Man Singh, Akbar’s famous general, attacked and defeated the Cheros in 1591. Under Aurangzeb, Mughal forces captured many Chero fortresses and subjugated the tribe. 7. The Mundas and Santhals were among the other important tribes that lived in this region and also in Orissa and Bengal. 8. The Maharashtra highlands and Karnataka were home to Kolis, Berads and numerous others. Kolis also lived in many areas of Gujarat. 9. There were large tribal populations of Koragas, Vetars, Maravars and many others in the South. 10. The large tribe of Bhils was spread across western and central India. 11. By the late sixteenth century, some became settled agriculturists and some even zamindars while some remained huntergatherers. 12. The Gonds were found in great numbers across Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
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