Carbon and its Compounds
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Why ionic compounds are soluble in water ?
Difference between Ionic and Covalent Compounds
1. Definition of Ionic Compounds and Covalent Compounds Ionic compound: Ionic compound is a chemical compound of cations and anions which are held together by ionic bonds in a lattice structure. Covalent compound: Covalent compound is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms. 2. Physical Properties Ionic Compounds: All ionic compounds exist as solids at room temperature. Ionic compounds have a stable crystal structure. Therefore, they have higher melting points and boiling points. The forces of attraction between positive and negative ions are very strong. Covalent Compounds: Covalent compounds exist in all three forms; as solids, liquids and gases at room temperature. Their melting and boiling points are relatively low compared to the ionic compounds. 3. Conductivity Ionic Compounds: Solid ionic compounds do not have free electrons; therefore, they do not conduct electricity in solid form. But, when ionic compounds are dissolved in water, they make a solution which conducts electricity. In other words, aqueous solutions of ionic compounds are good electrical conductors. Covalent Compounds: Neither pure covalent compounds not dissolved forms in water do not conduct electricity. Therefore, covalent compounds are poor electrical conductors in all phases. 4. Solubility Ionic Compounds: Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, but they are insoluble in non-polar solvents. Covalent Compounds: Most of the covalent compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents, but not in water. 5. Hardness Ionic Compounds: Ionic solids are harder and brittle compounds. Covalent Compounds: Generally, covalent compounds are softer than ionic solids.
1. Definition of Ionic Compounds and Covalent Compounds Ionic compound: Ionic compound is a chemical compound of cations and anions which are held together by ionic bonds in a lattice structure. Covalent compound: Covalent compound is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms. 2. Physical Properties Ionic Compounds: All ionic compounds exist as solids at room temperature. Ionic compounds have a stable crystal structure. Therefore, they have higher melting points and boiling points. The forces of attraction between positive and negative ions are very strong. Covalent Compounds: Covalent compounds exist in all three forms; as solids, liquids and gases at room temperature. Their melting and boiling points are relatively low compared to the ionic compounds. 3. Conductivity Ionic Compounds: Solid ionic compounds do not have free electrons; therefore, they do not conduct electricity in solid form. But, when ionic compounds are dissolved in water, they make a solution which conducts electricity. In other words, aqueous solutions of ionic compounds are good electrical conductors. Covalent Compounds: Neither pure covalent compounds not dissolved forms in water do not conduct electricity. Therefore, covalent compounds are poor electrical conductors in all phases. 4. Solubility Ionic Compounds: Most of the ionic compounds are soluble in water, but they are insoluble in non-polar solvents. Covalent Compounds: Most of the covalent compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents, but not in water. 5. Hardness Ionic Compounds: Ionic solids are harder and brittle compounds. Covalent Compounds: Generally, covalent compounds are softer than ionic solids.
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